Steam-turbine.



C. V. KBRR. STEAM TURBINE.

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C. V. KERR.

STEAM TURBINE.

APPLIGATION FILED MAY 9,1914.

1,131,386. Patented Mar.9,1915.

3 SHEETSSHEET 2.

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STEAM TURBINE.

APPLIGATION FILED MAY 9, 1914.

Patented Mar. 9, 1915.

3 SHEETS'SHBET 3.

CHARLES V. KERR, OF WELLSVILLE, NEW YORK.

STEAM-TURBINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 9, 1915.

Application led May 9. 1914. Serial No. 837,527.

Be it known that I. CHARLES V. Kenn, a citizen of thc United States,residing at Wellsvillc, in the county of Allegany' and State of NewYork, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Steam-Turbines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to new and useful improvements in elastic Huidturbines, and more particularly to the class known as the multi-cellulartype.

` The objects of this invention are, first, to construct a casingcomprising a plurality of interlocking sections, certain of thel samesupporting stationary buckets, and the others supporting nozzles fordirecting the driving fiuid against vthe faces of rotary buckets on therotor member of the turbine and again into the stationary buckets;second, the construction of the sections in such a manner that any oneof them can be readily removed and re placed if desired, or their numbercan be increased or diminished to vary the owel' of the turbine; third,the provision o driving buckets and means for attaching the same to therotor members fixed to and properly spaced apart on the shaft, and meansfor attaching additional deflector or stationary buckets to the casingbetween the driving buckets; fourth, the provision of nozzles and meansfor attachin f them rigidly to the cas ing to direct the deriving fluidinto the rotary buckets and thence into the stationary buckets; and,fifth, the provision of a turbine which will be comparatively simple andinexpensive to manufacture, reliable and elhcient in use. and readilyoperated.

My invention consists of structural features and relative arrangement ofelements which -will be hereinafter more fully and clearly described,and particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

Referring to the three sheets of drawing, in which similar referencecharacters indicate the same parts in the several figures; Figure 1 is alongitudinal'seetional view'of my invention;v Fig. 2 is an end viewthereof with one-half shown in transverse section; Fig. 3 is a detailIface View of the web for carrying the removable nozzle blocks; Fig. 4is a similar View of one of the reversing rings having a sectionprovided with the stationary'buckets; Fig. 5 is a detail end view of oneof the sectional hubs; Fig. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view thereof;Fig. 7 is a detail face view of one of the spacing nuts; Fig. S is atransverse sectional view thereof; Fig. 9 is a detail face view of oneof thc lock nuts; Fig. 10 is a transverse sectional view thcrcof; Fig.11 is a detail view of one of the segmental nozzle blocks; Fig. 12 is alongitudinal sectional view thereof; Fig. 13 is a transverse section ofone of the nozzleblocks; Fig. 14 is a detail sectional view through oneof the rotary buckets; Fig. 15 is a detail side view of a bucket; Fig.1G is a detail front view-of a bucket; Fig. 17 is an enlargedlongitudinal sectional view of one-half of one anti-friction bearing;Fig. 18 is a detail face view of one of the anti-friction bearing rings;and Fig. 19 is a sectional and diagrammatic view on an enlarged scalo,to illustrate the operation of one set of buckets and nozzle,constituting a stage of the expansion.

Referring to the accompanying drawings in which similar referencecharacters indicate the same parts throughout the several views. aturbine is illustrated constructed in accordance with my invention .andcon-l sists of an annula` sectional casing formed by a series ofinterlocked rings 1 and peripheral'flanges Q formed upon the webs ordiaphragms 8. The hubs 4 of the webs 3 are recessed to receive theanti-friction bearings 5. which are held in place by the locking plates6 (see Figs. 1, 17 and 18). The ri-'ngs 1 and flanges Q are eachprovidedvwith interlocking annular grooves 7 and flanges 8 (see Fig. 1)between which packings are disposed to scal the Icasing and to preventleaking. The webs 3 are provided with openings i) near their outerflanges for the reception of removable nozzle `blocks 10 on the pressureside of said webs or diaphragms 3, said blocks being provided with aseries of nozzlcs 11, 1.1, as shown in Figs. 3, 11 and 12.

The open ends of the sectional casing are closed by an intake head 19.and an exhaust head 13. The former has an annular flange 11 extendingtoward the adjacent ring l for interlocking engagement therewith, whilethe exhaust head 13 is provided with a groove 15 to receive the fiangeof the adjacent ring'l.

The head 1Q is formed With a chamber 16 and a main motive Huid inlet 17which communicates with a crescent shaped steam chest 18 and with theinterior of the sectional turbine casing through a series o4 26 whichengages thc exhaust end of the cylinder head 13. These stuffing boxesare oiled by the cups 27.

The exhaust head 13 is provided with an improved exhaust passagepreferably cast therein. said exhaust passa ge being provided with a nexhaust nozzle 25% having its smaller annular opening at the inner sideof the head 13 adjacent to and in communication with the final exhaustfrom the turbine buckets, or exhaust ends of the series of buckets onthe last rotary wheel or rotor. to be presently described. and as shownin Fig. 1. The annular exhaust nozzle 23 expands outwardly and opensinto an exhaust passage 29 of increasing cross-sectional area and ofvolute shape, said passage 29 having an outlet or discharge 30 which isconnected to the usual exhaust pipe leading to the atmosphere orcondenser, as desired. The bottom of the volute shaped passage 29 isprovided with an opening 31 having a valve, not shown, to drain anywater of condensation or oil which may collect at this point. This typeof exhaust head and passage may be applied to other forms of turbines,and I do not herein make claim to this specific construction, as this isthe subjectsniatter of a separate and independent application, filed byme on Feb. 7, 191' Serial No. 817,325.

A rotary shaft 32 passes through the stuffing boxes 24 and 25. andbearings 5 and 22, and has sockets 33 formed therein at intervalsthroughout its length, for the reception of keys or pins 34 which retainthe sectional hubs 35 thereon at the desired points of the shaft(seeFigs. 1, 5 and 6). Rotary disks 36 are threaded on each hub and areheld in spaced relation upon either side of the inwardly extendingflanges 37 formed upon the grooved ends of the rings 1, by spacing nuts38 and locking nuts 39, which are notched to receive a tool whereby theycan be readily rotated (sce Figs. 1, 7, 8, 9 and k10). The outer edge ofthe disks 36 are formed with a series of dovetail grooves 40 to receivethe dovetail stems 41 of the rotary driving buckets 42 (see Figs. 1, 14,15, 16 and 19) said buckets42 having concave front faces 43 and convexrear faces 444, and being arranged in spaced series as shown in Figs.

1 and 2 (f the drawings. The inwardly extending flanges 37 are formedwith similar grooves 45 toreceive corresponding stationary deflectingbuckets 46 provided with convex front faces 47 and concave rear faces 48(see Fig. 19). These buckets 46 are arranged in series similar to thebuckets 42. A pipe 49 between the sectional turbine casing and outerheat retaining shell 50 extends from the chamber 16 and enters theinterior of the casing through an opening 51 in advance of the laststage of expansion, as shown in Fig. 1, for the purpose of conveying themotive fluid leaking through the packing 22 into the chamber 1G to alower stage of the expansion and recover the en- .ergy therefrom, whichwould otherwise be lost.

The operation of the invention is as follows: The motive fluid or livesteam after passing through a governor valve, not

shown, is convQYCd b5 the pipe u into a y crescent-sliaped steam chest13 at the intake end of the casing (see Figs. 1 and 17), and from saidchest passes through the eXpanding nozzles 20 into the interior of thecasing. The motive fluid or steam in passing through the nozzles 20 isexpanded, and with a certain velocity impinges against the first set ofrotatable buckets 42 upon the periphery of the adjacent disk 3G, andinto and through the concave stationary buckets 46 wherein the motivefluid is reversed in direction and guided to properly impinge on `theconcave side of' the next series of rotatable buckets 42 and completingthe first stage of expansion. After the motive fluid has completed thefirst stage of expansion, the fluid passes through the series of nozzleblocks 11 in the first stationary divisional web or diaphragm 3 and theabove described operation is repeated through the various stages ofexpansion, which in the present case is four., as illustrated in Fig. 1,and then finally passes through the exhaust nozzle 28 into the exhaustpassage 29 and to the condenser.

It will be seen that any number of sta es of expansion can be had,depending upon ille initial pressure 'of the live steam, the number ofinterlocking rings 1 and flanges 2 with the nozzles 11. stationarybuckets 46 and rotatable buckets 42, employed. The motive Huid isexpanded in each set or series of noz zles 11 to a pressure designed forthat particular stage of expansion, and the buckets 42 and 46 areadapted and cooperate in such a manner as not to develop an axial thrustwhich would tend to displace the buckets 42 and hence disturb the properrelation between the stationary and rotatable buckets. I While Ihaveshown and described two sets of rotatable buckets and one set ofstationary reversing buckets between said rotatable buckets for eachstage of expansion, this number may be easily varied without materiallychanging the construction of the rings 1 and flanges 2. It Will also beseen from the foregoing construction and operation of the turbine, thatthe nozzle blocks 10 on the pressure side of the webs or diaphragms 3,

insure an increased area as the fluid expands from stage to stage, andthe drop in pressure of the fluid between the stages is such for theconverging nozzles, that it gives the maxi mum velocity of the fluid forthe given nozzlc area and widest range of load on the turbine withoutaffecting the nozzle or jet efficiency.

From the foregoing description of the structural features, mode ofassembling the different parts, and the manner of operation, it will bereadily seen that I have devised a turbine which will be comparativelysimple and inexpensive to manufacture, reliable and efficient in use,and. readily operated.

Various changes may be made in the specie construction of the turbine,and while I have shown my preferred form, I do not care to limit myselfto these specific arrangements as they could be modified in many waysWithout departing from the spirit of my invention, and still accomplishthe same results.

What I claim is 1. A multicellular compound turbine comprising acylinder composed of a series of separable and independent rings andwebs or diaphragms for lthe several stages of expansion of the motivefluid, a rotary shaft extending through each of said diaphragms, nozzles'passing through said diaphiagms near their outer edges, each of saidrings having an inwardly projecting flange provided with a series ofreversing buckets, a rotary Wheel on each side of the flanges andsecured to the shaft, a series of driving buckets on the periphery ofsaid rotary wheels and adjacent to the reversing buckets and inproximity to and receiving the motive fluid from the nozzles, a motivefluid inlet connected with the first stage of expansion and an exhaustconnected with the last stage of expansion. 4.

2. AV multicellular compound turbine comprising a cylinder composed of aseries of interlocking separable and independent rings and webs ordiaphragms for the several stages of expansion of the motive fluid, arotary shaft extending through each of said diaphragme, nozzles passingthrough said diaphragms near their outer edges, each of sai'd ringshaving an inwardly projecting flange provided with a series of grooves,reversing buckets secured in said grooves, a rotary wheel on each sideof the flanges and secured to the shaft, a series of driving buckets onthe periphery of said rotary wheels and adjacent to the reversingbuckets and in proximity to and receiving the motive fluid from thenozzles, a motive fluid inlet connected with the first stage ofexpansion and an exhaust connected with the last stage of expansion.

' 3.V A multieellular compound turbinel comprising a cylinder composedof a series of i through each of said diaphrag separable and independentrings and webs or diaphragms forthe several stages of expansion of themotive fluid, a rotary shaft extending through each of said diaphragms,openings through' said diaphragms near their outer edges, blocksprovided with nozzles secured over said openings, each of said ringshaving an inwardly projecting flange provided with a series of reversingbuckets, a rotary wheel on each side of the flanges and secured to theshaft, a series of driving buckets on the periphery of said rotarywheels and adjacent to the reversing buckets and in proximity to andreceiving the motive fluid from the nozzles, a motive fluid inletconnected with the first stage of expansion and an exhaust connectedWith the last stage of expansion.

4. A multicellular compound turbine comprising a cylinder composed of a4series of separable and independent rings and webs or diaphragms for theseveral stages of eX- pansion of the motive fluid, each of saiddiaphragms being provided with a hub having a recess, an antifrictionbearing supported in each of said recesses, nozzles passing through saiddiaphragms near their outer edges, inwardly projecting flanges on saidrings provided With a series of reversing buckets, a rotary shaftextending ms and supported in the antifriction bear1ngs, a rotary wheelon each side of the flanges and secured to the shaft, a series ofdriving buckets on the periphery of said rotary wheels and adjacent tothe reversing buckets and in proximity to and receiving the motive fluidfrom the nozzles, a motive fluid inlet connected with the first stage ofexpansion and an eX- haust connected with the last stage of expansion.

5. A multicellular compound turbine comprising a cylinder composed of aseries of separable and independent rings and webs or diaphragms for theseveral stages of expansion of the motive fluid, nozzles passing throughsaid diaphragms near their outer edges, each of said rings having aninwardly projecting flange provided with a series of reversing buckets,a rotary shaft having a series of radial sockets and extending througheach of said diaphragms, pins in said sockets, sectional hubs engagingthe pins, a rotary wheel `on each side of the flanges and securely heldin spaced relation and firmly around each of said sectional hubs, aseries of driving buckets on the periphery of said rotary wheels andadjacent to the reversing buckets and in proximity to and receiving themotive fluid from the nozzles, a motive fluid inlet connected with thefirst stage of expansion and an exhaust con,- nected with thelast stageof expansion.

6. A rotor member for turbines compris ing a rotary shaft having aseries of radial sockets, pins in said sockets, sectional hubssurrounding the shaft and engaging the pins, a series of rotary Wheelsin spaced relation and around each of said sectional hubs, spacing nutsinterposed between the rotary wheels and surrounding the sectional hubs,locking nuts engaging said hubs for securing said wheels and spacingnuts on the hubs, and a series of driving buckets on the periphery ofsaid rotary Wheels.

7. A rotor member for turbines comprising a rotary shaft having a seriesoit' radial sockets, pins in said sockets, sectional hubs surroundingand engaging the pins and provided with a flange at one end, a series ofrotary Wheels in spaced relation and around each of said sectional hubs,spacing nuts interposed between the rotary Wheels and surrounding thesectional hubs, locking nuts engaging said hubs at the opposite end fromthat of the flange for securing said Wheels and spacing nuts on thehubs, and a series of driving buckets on the periphery of said rotaryWheels.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature 25

